Comparing Compiled and Interpreted Programming Languages

3 min


Only binary code can be understood and executed by computers. High–programmers use level programming languages like C, C++, Python, and Java. Because they mimic human languages and mathematical notation, such languages are easier to work with.

On the other hand, Computers are unable to execute code written in a high–level language. So, there comes the concept of programming languages. Implementing a programming language entails bridging the gap between the programmer’s high-level thinking and the machine’s zeroes and ones. We must first convert our programs to binary code.

As a result, a computer language can be compiled or interpreted depending on the implementation. Compilers and interpreters are used to accomplish this.

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Compiled Programming Languages

Machine language, which is the language of the central processing unit (CPU) and is relatively basic, is the only language that computers can execute. Any programming language implementation aims to convert a source program into machine code that the CPU can execute. Speed is valued when it comes to CPU, and there are now applications to help maximize PyTorch CPU speeds.

Before converting the intermediate representation to machine language, all language implementations convert a source program into some intermediate representation. The compilation is the most direct technique of turning a program into machine code.

Before a program created in a compiled language can be executed, it must be translated into a different format. Prior to execution, the source code must be converted into machine-readable instructions.

Compiled programming languages, in summary, are languages whose implementations are compilers rather than interpreters. Some popular compiled programming languages are C, C++, Go, Swift, etc., and some of their popular compilers are GCC, G++, GC, etc.

Interpreted Programming Language

An interpreted language is a programming language that is typically interpreted rather than compiled into machine instructions. It is one in which the instructions are read and performed by another program rather than directly executed by the target computer.

In contrast, an interpreted language does not compile the source code into machine language before running the application. It just understands the code as it runs. As a result, you do not receive the advantages or downsides of compilation mistakes.

Interpreted languages necessitate using a piece of software known as an interpreter, which reads the source code and processes it one instruction at a time. In summary, the interpreted programming languages are those whose implementations are interpreters. Some popular interpreted programming languages are Python, PHP, Ruby, Javascript, etc.

Development Variables

Choosing whether to utilize a compiled or interpreted language for the application source code may be necessary throughout the design process. There are advantages and disadvantages to both sorts of languages. The decision to adopt an interpreted language is usually based on development time constraints or the ease with which the program may be modified in the future.

When you use an interpreted language, you must make a trade-off. You make a trade-off between speed and execution costs. An interpreted program has more overhead since each line must be translated each time it is run.

Advantages of Compiled Programming Languages

C, C++, and GO are all compiled programming languages that are translated by running the source code through a compiler. As a result, the code is extremely efficient and may be run several times. The translation overhead is incurred just once when the source is compiled; after that, it merely needs to be loaded and run.

Interpreted languages, on the other hand, must be processed, interpreted, and executed each time the program is run, significantly increasing the program’s cost. As a result, interpreted programs are often slower than compiled applications.

Advantages of Interpreted Programming Languages

There are advantages to using compiled languages. Similarly, there are also some advantages to using interpreted languages. The interpreted languages are easier to implement. Writing a good compiler language is very hard. As there’s a need to take care of the memories, addresses, pointers, etc.

When we work on interpreted programming languages, there is no compilation stage so the code can be executed directly. Interpreted programming languages are convenient for dynamic programming languages. Some of the world’s most popular programming languages like Python and Javascripts are interpreted programming languages.

Weighing Pros and Cons

There are various reasons to choose between these programming languages. If you consider usability in terms of speed, compiled programming languages are superior. At the same time, the usability of interpreted programming languages is good when it comes to real-time performance software, as the codes can be changed even while the program is executing.

It is also easier to debug interpreted programming languages. However, such programming languages bring security concerns as malicious scripts can also be injected during mid execution. So, it is hard to compare which language is superior to which as both have advantages and drawbacks from their own perspective.

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